Falling temperatures and increased aridity in the western Asia during the last glaciation pushed a somewhat varied population of men to the banks of Sindhu from Mediterranean-Baikal Region in search of warmer southerly lands with ameliorating climate. This newly migrated population interacted with the one already present there. In this land of plenty, they discovered that hunger was less bothering and running about for food curtailed. In the new environment they expanded their knowledge about language, astronomy and arithmetic besides spending long times for sadhana in search of eternal life. They have left behind a store of knowledge in veds and vedangs which bring out their potential in the internvision of consciousness of understanding of eternal life.  The mathematical acumen among these people developed mainly on account of astronimical observations .  Some of the Upper Paleolithic observations are still surving on the Indian soil and illustrated.

The vedic literature is conveniently divided into four units 1) Samhitas or basic books, ii) Brahmans that deputize and elaborate samhitas in connection with rituals besides containing some tradational stories, iii) Aranyaks or texts meant  for the men renouncing homes and taking to forests, and iv) Upaishads that are nearly synomyous with the last.  Again. Ved in general refers to samhits which are four : 1) Rik, Yajus, Sam, and Atharv.  Each of these samhitas are followed by bhramans, aranyaks, and upanishads of the specific veds.  The four samhitas were composed initially between 26 and 11Ka.  The fourth, however, was refered as Athrav-Anigara, vidya and does not figure as a ved in the anicent works like Manusmriti.

The hyms of the Rigved were composed mainly in the teretiorry of the now offshore Kachchh, the Yajurved was compiled on the then actively flowing Gaggar River and Samved relates to an area of the old channel of Sam, the flowing by side of Sam river near Jaisalmer.  Sam was the sourtherly course Saraswati river in Rajasthan.  Atharvved was largely composed in the Brahmarshidesh but was practised mainly in Gujarat on the bank of Mahi River after the Brahmarshidesh was inundated by sea around 10Ka.  Vedangs include works related to education of pronouncation and recitation of vedic hymns, grammar, composition of meters and vocabulary.  There are also books on code of conduct called smrities.   Vedic arithmetic, and grammar suggest a remarkable acheivement of the bards in the intelectual field.  Much of this grammar, referred as Panine grammar, in the book Astadhyaiy, began at the bank of River Vaxini, the southerly main trunk of the Indus near Sarashtra.  Erroneously this is ascribed to an individual in Afghanistan.  Memorisation of grammar commencing during the early vedic days took nearly four hours of exercise every day for mind.  It was a morning walk for the intellect to kkep the consiniousness system fit for introversion and concentration.

The astronomical sites of the Middle and Upper Paleolithic discovered by this author during the last eleven years fall under three categories. 1) Mid-day marker and solstice indicator systems, ii) Equinox indicator systems, and iii) Complex observatories.  These are built in Rajasthan, Kachchh, and Madhya Pradesh and range in age from 40 Ka. to 11 Ka.  Illustration of the observatories are provided here and conclusions drawn during their antiquity with the help of stone implements.  A site in Rajasthan  proves to be  decidely vedic and relatable to the famous Deity Dyavaprithvi.  The pattern of the carving is referable to Perigordian closed to Gravettian age ( around 24 Ka. ).  The earlier dates of vedic astronomy works out as 24.8 Ka. on the basis Panini Astadhyayi.  The observatory also shows that the people by this time had become aware about precession of equinoxes with reference to asterisms. Theoretical consideration about the observatory, vedic months and their sessons in conjunction with grammar suggest that asterism Ashadha was named around 25 Ka and the vedic people had set their activity fully by 26 Ka. A far more complex observatory was made by these people in kachchh with stone implements around 14-11 Ka.

The knowledge building actvity in the vedic men of India was essentially by memory based and involving deep introversion. The consciousness so focused proceeded on three fronts: intellectual excellence, rituals for heavenly existence and for attaining brahm. Chanting of vedic mantras and verses with closed eyes and full concentration accelerated the complex process of consciousness introversion. Added to it was the conduct of highest purity among the vedic rishis. It was essentially this process that led them to revelation of past births and rules of karms which suggest that no action, good or bad, is destroyable without giving fruits in times to come.

Their sadhana in the pursuit of brahm led them to discover that the main organs of consciousness not only lie in the head but there are also within the chest and thorax. They practised to strengthen them in yog and tantra Atharvved excelled in this pursuit leading to brahm through yog and tantra .