Evidence about vedic population and their home, as culled from Feds, suggest them to be a Indo-Mediterranean population spread between Greece and Rajasthan extending in the north upto southern Commonwealth of Independent States. The prevalent view taking Aryan as synonymous with vedic men is erroneous since Arya Gotra refers to a small segment of vedic people in Rajasthan now known as Marwari. Even the migration theory of 'Aryans' from a cradle in Russia, merely a few thousand years ago, is a myth. These people are far more older than Babylonians and Indus valley civilisation (4-5 Ka). They flourished in Gujarat-Sindh-Rajasthan Region between eleven and twenty six thousand years ago. Vedic hymns are their creation. These are, however, heavily altered and corrupted due to later additions.

Nevertheless, geographic descriptions in Feds help to reconstruct the paleogeography of the Sindhu Land as described precisely in the hymns. The earlier reconstructions of the vedic land on the lines of Macdonell and Keith (1912) are in error and do not exactly confirm to vedic descriptions because most of the land-segment described in Feds as a part of Sindhu country is now submerged in the Arabian Sea.

Precise knowledge about vedic paleogeography requires an accurate dating of the vedic period. This is possible through the recorded position of asterisms in veds during those days and the real position of the same asterisms today on account of slow precession of equinoxes at a rate of 72 years per degree and invocation of rules of grammar in Astadhyayi. Precise dating was not done earlier and the ages, so calculated, turn out to be too young. The correction introduced here is corroborated by the position of a fast moving asterism Swati (Arcturus) and nearly stable Chitra (Spice). The movement of the Swati suggests that the vedic asterism system dates back to nearly twenty thousand years. On critical evidence duration of vedic period is fixed between 26 Ka and 11 Ka with two prominent phases of activity. One around 23+/-3 Ka and other about 13+/-2 Ka.

It is possible now to gauge the rise and fall of Arabian Sea level in the Sindh-Gujarat country during the last fifty thousand years besides pointing out the exact locales of deltas of rivers during the vedic period. The first invokes the Landsat imageries in the infrared band and the second a precise survey of the sea bottom off the coasts of Kachchh-Saurashtra in connection with oil exploration. The Landsat imageries also reveal the changes in the channel courses during the recent geological past covering the last twenty six thousand years. Integration of these data brings out that the periods 23+/-3 Ka and 13+/-2 Ka were the days of unusual sea-level fall in Kachchh-Saurashtra region, about 125 to 105 meters below the present day shore-line and the then coast line lay far to the west. Even the courses of rivers were different. The integrated data-set suggests two distinct periods of settlements in the history of the vedic people. The first one was in Plains of Sindbu around 23+/-3 Ka; and, the second included a larger region designated as Yajoiodesh or Worshippers' land about 13+/-2 Ka.

The study of paleo-deltas and their likely sequences in time helps in the reconstruction of the vedic paleogeography and establishes the existence of:

1. Sindhu River System: There was a single river system in Sindh-Rajasthan-Saurashtra region around 23+/-3 Ka draining in the Arabian Sea opposite Saurashtra.

2. Saraswati-Drishdwati-lodh River System: A three river system came out of this single system around 13+/-2 Ka when a less effective Western Drainage of inch lay opposite to the present mouths of Indus while the major Saraswati drainage was again in the earlier area.

The plains of Sindhu during the first phase of vedic settlement lay between the offshore of Saurashtra and Hyderabad in Pakistan. In this land, three clusters of seven rivers each joined a mighty river Sindhu. The first one was Saraswati, the second Sarayu and the third Vaxini. During the later vedic period around 18 Ka, the rise of sea level and tectonic activity destroyed the Sindhu River system and most of the land was inundated. When the upper vedic settlements of Manusmriti-Shatpath Brahman come into existence around 13+2 Ka there was no Sindhu. Instead there were other rivers and a vast land between Turkey (Aryovar, and Gujarat (Pancha4, as it figures in Manusmriti.

At the close of the vedic period there were major changes again due to sea level rise around 10 Ka accompanied by tectonic activity in the Himalayan Region. Water arteries of Rajasthan dried up and climate of the land moved towards humidity triggering forestation. These together brought a major migration of people from Western India around 10 Ka. A large population of the vedic people moved to the Middle East, mainly because of sea level rise in Sindh-Saurashtra region and heavy rains spreading the forest-cover at a very fast rate in the Vindbya-atavi area or the Indus valley forest.