In the geological past some of the lands—now far disconnected due to wide sea in between—have been joined by the land-bridges or narrow passages of land through which animals could migrate. At times, however, a continent or large land segment may remain cut-off from the other mainlands due to the absence of land-bridges. Australia, for instance, was cut-off from Asia for the last 98 million years till man put his foot on the continent no earlier than a hundred thousand years ago. Populations in such cut-off lands are static and undergo virtually no evolution. These constitute relict or fossil populations exemplified by Kangaroos. Such relict populations are invaluable because the life of past is available in the present for study and analysis. Isolation of Andaman lslands from lndia, for about fifty thousand years, with endemic aborigines presents a similar relict  population of men as Kangaroos of Australia. They preserve the same level of consoiousness for our study when the men of Andaman lslands migrated there and remained marrooned for the last fifty thousand years.

The warm, humid and rainy Andaman Islands form a nearly three hundred kilometers long chain of several islands around 93°E between 10°N and 14°N. Three of them are more extensive and may at times reach 50 kilometers in width. The nearest mainland for the people of the islands is Myanmar to the north - 300 kilometers away.

Andamanese people had no communication with the rest of humanity till the British reached there during ther last century. The date of migration and entrapment of the Andamanese people is established through a study of their stone implements. Paleolithic tools scattered all over the Andaman do not relate to the Upper Paleollthlc flake type implements. A heap of these tools, on the southern tip of Guitar Island, then in continuity with the mainland of Andaman, was discovered in March, 1992. These tools are primitive flake type as well as massive semi flake type and include a variiety of chopper, scrapers, diggers and some spears. All the illustrated and observed material is accommodable under Moustarian Industry of the Middle Paleolithic.

Considering that there are only two major sea-level falls during the Middle Paleolithic, one around 70 Ka and the other around 55 Ka, aborigines migration with available evidence is around 55 Ka. Their marooning in the island relates to sea level rise between 50 and 40 Ka.

Physically Andamanese are a dwarf people, often 1figuring as a racia1 or semiricial type- Negrito. Their average height is 149 cms and 140cms for males and females respectively with corresponding weights of 44 and 42 kilograms.
 
A survey of emotional pattern among the Andamanese suggests that all normal perception and expressions of our species have developed among them before their migration, i.e. before 55 Ka. Further, their emotion related to slyness, guilt and jealousy are feeble and detectable only in their eyes. Face remains expressionless.

In their personal life they do not observe any abstentions but endurance for fasting is seen among them during journeys. They are taught early to be generous and self-denying. These people make  presents of the best they possess. Traditionally these people love justice, fairness and implementation of fair justice.

"A man becomes spirit after death" is an usual phrase in the Onge language suggesting their staunch belief in rebirth. Rituals and rites for the dead are elaborate and a mother follows them specially in the event of the death a young one with a view to ensuring the return of the same child to her womb in it’s next birth. They believe in Puluga which is possibly the same as vedic Purukha-the Creator. Fables and stories about the Puluga and his wife are current among these men. As they say " he is angered by the commission of certain sins and he is the judge from whom each soul receives its sentences after death". There is an equally strong belief in continuance of fruits of action of this birth into the next birth. In addition to Puluga there are spirits of varied types in which people depose strong fate. Thses are benevolent, malevolent, neutral and triggering monsoon winds.

Intelligence potential of Andamanese compares well with the fellow humans suggesting that basic equipment of memory and intelligence has not changed in man during last fifty thousand years.

Language of Andamanese serves as an invaluable tool to fix their affinity as well as confirm the antiquity of their date of migration. There is no tie up of basic relational words like father, mother, son and daughter between Andamanese and languages of Indian-mainland. This, however, is equally true about languages like Sanskrit, Bhojpuri, Mundari, Khasi etc., all spoken in India. Andamanese nouns, nevertheless, either as such or in syllables of the longer words of Indian continent show commonness with Indian languages.

There are a good number of words suggesting that Andamanese language has worked as a root language for advanced languages like Sanskrit, Latin and Greek besides having a closer affinity with Bhojpuri, Assamese, Khasi and Bengali. The language, however, is too old and has been absorbed in younger languages of the main land, leaving only a few words to survive with independent identity.

Evaluation of language also suggest that Andamanese have migrated out of India before 45 Ka. Andamanese population constitutes a classical relict group which demonstrates that the basic human mind of modern times with optimal intelligence, low logic and good memory had already evolved before fifty thousand years ago. Their faith factor, however, is slightly high due to poor logic and strongly conditioned minds to believe in the traditions and statements of elders.